إنتيهواتانا، أوروبامبا

The Intihuatana at Urubamba is a significant archeological artifact located in the Machu Picchu district of بيرو. Carved from a single piece of granite, this stone structure is often referred to as the “Hitching Post of the Sun.” It is believed to have been constructed by the أبدا civilization and played a crucial role in their astronomical observations and religious ceremonies. The Intihuatana’s precise function remains a topic of scholarly debate, but it is widely recognized as an important cultural heritage site and a testament to the advanced knowledge of the Inca people.

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الكنية*

البريد الإلكتروني*

الخلفية التاريخية لإنتيهواتانا، أوروبامبا

The Intihuatana stone was discovered at the Machu Picchu site by the American historian Hiram Bingham in 1911. Bingham, who was searching for the مدينة ضائعة of Vilcabamba, stumbled upon Machu Picchu instead. The Incas built the Intihuatana as part of their sacred city in the 15th century. It is one of the few such stones not destroyed by the Spanish conquistadors. The site later became a retreat for Inca royalty and nobility.

The Incas were master stonemasons, and the Intihuatana is a prime example of their skill. They carved the stone without the use of metal tools, which makes its precision all the more remarkable. The Intihuatana was not only a religious monument but also an astronomical مرقب. It allowed the Incas to track the sun’s position and mark the solstices, which were important for their agricultural calendar.

After the Spanish conquest, many Intihuatana stones were demolished as part of the effort to eradicate Inca religion. Fortunately, the remote location of Machu Picchu protected the Intihuatana from destruction. It remained untouched until its rediscovery in the 20th century. Since then, it has become a focal point for visitors to Machu Picchu, offering a direct connection to the حضارة الإنكا.

على مر التاريخ، شهدت إنتيهواتانا أحداثًا مختلفة. لقد نجا من الزلازل ومرور الزمن. على الرغم من أن موقع ماتشو بيتشو لم يكن مأهولًا بشكل مستمر، إلا أنه كان يحمل دائمًا أهمية روحية لأحفاد الإنكا. اليوم، هو أ اليونسكو موقع التراث العالمي وجزء من الحرم التاريخي لماتشو بيتشو.

The Intihuatana continues to be a subject of research and conservation efforts. Archaeologists and historians work to understand its significance and preserve it for future generations. It stands as a silent witness to the ingenuity and spirituality of the Inca people, a civilization that once dominated the Andean region of أمريكا الجنوبية.

عن إنتيهواتانا، أوروبامبا

The Intihuatana stone is an intricately carved rock located at Machu Picchu. It stands approximately six feet tall and is positioned on a raised platform that enhances its prominence. The stone’s name, Intihuatana, is الكيتشوا for “Hitching Post of the Sun,” which reflects its supposed use in Inca astronomy.

تم تصميم الحجر ليتوافق مع الشمس خلال الانقلابات الشتوية والصيفية. خلال هذه الأوقات، تقف الشمس مباشرة فوق العمود تقريبًا، ولا تخلق ظلًا. ومن المرجح أن هذه المحاذاة كانت تستخدم لتنظيم التقويم الزراعي، وهو جانب أساسي من حياة الإنكا. إن دقة زوايا الحجر وحوافه هي شهادة على فهم الإنكا المتقدم للأعمال الحجرية وعلم الفلك.

The Intihuatana is made of granite, a common material in the construction of Inca architecture. The Incas had a profound understanding of stone masonry, which is evident in the seamless joints and intricate carvings of the Intihuatana. The methods they used to shape and place the stone remain a marvel to modern engineers and archaeologists.

Architecturally, the Intihuatana is part of a larger complex of buildings and terraces that make up Machu Picchu. Its placement within the site suggests it held a central role in Inca ceremonies. The surrounding structures provide a context for its ceremonial importance, as they include temples, residential areas, and agricultural terraces.

Despite centuries of exposure to the elements, the Intihuatana remains in excellent condition. Its preservation allows visitors to appreciate the craftsmanship of the Inca builders. The stone continues to be a focal point for cultural and spiritual activities, drawing tourists and scholars alike to its ancient presence.

نظريات وتفسيرات

توجد عدة نظريات حول غرض إنتيهواتانا. يتفق معظمهم على أنها كانت أداة فلكية ومذبحًا دينيًا. كان الإنكا بارعين في الملاحة السماوية واستخدموا موقع الشمس لإدارة تقويمهم. من المحتمل أن يكون الإنتيهواتانا قد لعب دورًا رئيسيًا في هذه الملاحظات.

يقترح بعض العلماء أن الحجر تم استخدامه لأكثر من مجرد تتبع الانقلابات. ربما كان جزءًا من نظام أكبر لمراقبة الأحداث السماوية الأخرى. ومن الممكن أن تساعد زوايا وزوايا الحجر في تتبع القمر والنجوم أيضًا.

There are also theories that the Intihuatana served as a sacred space for rituals. The Incas believed that the stone held the sun in its place along its annual path. During ceremonies, priests might have “tied” the sun to the stone to ensure its return, which was vital for crop growth and the stability of the empire.

تتم مطابقة تفسيرات Intihuatana مع السجلات التاريخية بعناية. ومع ذلك، فإن غياب السجلات المكتوبة عن حضارة الإنكا يعني أن الكثير مما نفهمه يأتي من روايات ما بعد الغزو والأدلة الأثرية. وهذا يترك مجالا للتكهنات والبحث المستمر.

Dating the Intihuatana has been carried out using relative dating methods. These methods place its construction in the 15th century, during the height of the الإمبراطورية الإنكا. The exact date remains uncertain, but its association with the royal estate of Machu Picchu suggests it was built during the reign of Pachacuti, the ninth Sapa Inca.

في لمحة

دولة: بيرو

الحضارة: الإنكا

العمر: القرن السادس الميلادي

الاستنتاج والمصادر

تشمل المصادر ذات السمعة الطيبة المستخدمة في إنشاء هذه المقالة ما يلي:

• ويكيبيديا: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intihuatana